kamrandahir
Club Cricketer
TO shutdown win98
create a shortcut in desktop (using shift+f10 new shtcut) And give the link there
C:windowsrundll.exe user.exe,exitwindows
Windows Keyboard Secrets
************************************************** **********************
The Windows key
Found on the newer Windows 95-era keyboards, it bypasses the active application and communicates commands directly to the operating system.
Windows key
(by itself):
calls up Start menu & taskbar
[or Ctrl-Esc, if you?re using an older keyboard]
Win-M:
Minimizes all windows (& shows desktop)
Win-E:
runs Windows Explorer
Win-F:
Windows file "Find" dialog
Other, more obscure variations include ...
Win-C: Control Panels; Win-I: mouse properties; Win-P: Printers; Win-R: command-line Run; Win-V: show Clipboard
************************************************** **********************
The "Application" key (on newer Windows 95 keyboards)found beside the ctrl. Key on the right side.
calls up "context" menu; equivalent to right-clicking on an object
various functions ... incl. ability to Cut/Copy/Paste files from one place to another ... change file Properties (e.g., make Read-only) ... send a file to a chosen application ... and other commands, depending on the situation
************************************************** **********************
Navigating Application windows & menus
(Shift-)
Ctrl-Tab:
cycles through multiple document windows
Alt-letter:
opens application?s pull-down menu
e.g., Alt-F = File menu
then, press underlined letter in menu item to complete the command
e.g., Alt-F, S = File, Save
(this is in addition to the usual single-key shortcuts, such as Ctrl-S = Save)
Also note that the cursor keys can "traverse" menus, left/right/up/down; Return or Enter to progress further; Esc to retreat one step; or press underlined letter to activate that menu command.
Alt-spacebar:
accesses application menu
e.g., Alt-spacebar, N = miNimize the current application;
e.g., Alt-spacebar, X = maXimize the current application
Alt-hyphen:
accesses document menu (within parent application)
Alt-F4:
quits & closes the current application or thread
also, double-clicking on application's Title bar = toggles window size
************************************************** **********************
Task Switching
One of the great underutilized but nicely implemented Windows secrets. Using just a few keys, you can quickly switch back & forth between any tasks that are running ? without having to minimize windows, poke around in menus, etc.
(Shift-)Alt-Tab:
Hold down the Alt key, then tap the Tab key repeatedly ...
then, when the icon for the desired task is highlighted, release the Alt key.
(Note that you can use this to easily toggle back & forth repeatedly between two specific tasks).
Using the Shift key at the same time cycles in the opposite order.
Alt-Esc:
Aborts an Alt-Tab in progress ...
while still holding the Alt key, release the Tab key, then press Esc instead.
Note: You can still switch tasks even during "modal" dialog boxes.
************************************************** **********************
Taskbar
The area (generally at the bottom of the screen) that shows what programs are currently running.
Change its Properties by right-clicking in a blank area of the Taskbar.
Resize it (i.e., to more than one row) by clicking & dragging on its inside edge (i.e., the top edge, if it's at the bottom of the screen).
Move it by clicking a blank area in the body of the taskbar, and dragging it (to a different edge of the screen).
Send a file to an application that's already running ... by dragging the file icon (from the desktop or an open folder/Explorer window) to the application's button on the Taskbar ... wait a moment for the application to open ... then, still holding on, drag the mouse pointer to the opened application window, and let go.
[Note: You can also customize the Start Menu itself by right-clicking on the Start button, and choosing Open or Explore; or directly, via the C: Windows Start Menu directory.]
************************************************** **********************
Windows Explorer
A method of looking at file listings across the system, it uses a split window approach to displaying directories and files.
Windows key + E:
runs Windows Explorer (from anywhere)
[numeric keypad]
+, *, - :
expand, expand all, collapse listing
(for a drive or file directory in the left-hand pane)
(Shift-)Tab: selects other pane
Return/Enter:
(in right-hand pane)
opens highlighted directory
Backspace:
moves up to parent directory
F5:
forces file listings to refresh and resort
(i.e., if they didn?t update immediately after changes)
View > Options:
various choices on how to display files, extensions, etc.; and lets you specify the default application launched for various file types
Alt-Return/Enter:
calls up selected file?s Properties dialog
(equivalent to Mac?s "Get Info" box)
e.g., Alt-Enter, then R: toggles Read-only status
(also works for multiple selected files at once)
Ctrl-X,
Ctrl-C,
Ctrl-V: cuts / copies / pastes file(s) from one place to another
Edit > Undo
or Ctrl-Z:
to Undo the last file operation (copy / move / rename / delete):
... or right-click on the Windows desktop, and choose from the pop-up menu:
Note: You can run multiple instances of Explorer at the same time.
************************************************** **********************
Copying / Moving / Opening files
... to copy or move file(s), or create a shortcut: right-click and, still holding down the mouse button, drag & drop file(s) to their destination ? to get a pop-up menu of copy / move / shortcut choices.
... if you want to open a file using a different application than its usual one, you can right-click on it and "Send To" the application of your choice. (You can customize this pop-up list by placing shortcuts [i.e., aliases] into the C: Windows SendTo directory.)
... files can be also be opened by dragging and dropping their icon(s) directly into most application windows.
************************************************** **********************
misc. Function Keys
F1:
Help (often context-sensitive)
F2:
Rename selected file or folder
(can also use to copy text from, or paste it into, a file/folder name or portion thereof) ... ESC to cancel
Print Screen key:
Alt-Print Screen key:
copies screen shot of entire screen to Clipboard
copies screen shot of active window to Clipboard
************************************************** **********************
Navigating / Manipulating Text
Ctrl-Insert, Shift-Delete, Shift-Insert:
alternatives for Copy, Cut, Paste
Home/End;
Ctrl-Home/End:
jumps to beginning/end of line;
jumps to beginning/end of document
Ctrl-left/right arrow:
skips to the beginning of previous/next word
Ctrl-up/down arrow:
skips to the beginning of previous/next paragraph
Shift-
in combination with one of the above (and/or with one of the four arrow keys), highlights the intervening section of text
Dialog boxes
(Shift-)Tab:
moves cursor to previous/next field
(Shift-)
Ctrl-Tab:
cycles through tabbed dialog pages
(also, sometimes Ctrl-PgUp/PgDn):
Spacebar:
presses selected button,
or toggles checkbox
Alt-down arrow: opens selected drop-down list box;
use cursor keys (up/down/PgUp/PgDn) to select (or, for text values, type in first letter); then Enter/Return to accept
arrow keys: selects radio button
up/down arrow key: increments/decrements "spin" box
(or you can type in numeric value)
Right-click
(on buttons, checkboxes, etc.): context help
Note: You can perform many standard file operations (copying, moving, renaming, etc.) from within any file dialog box (e.g., Open, Save As) ? by right-clicking; using Ctrl-X/C/V; pressing the F2 key; dragging icons; etc.
************************************************** **********************
Other miscellaneous tips ...
... if in doubt, try right-clicking on it; or pressing F1 for Help.
... windows can be resized from any direction (any of 4 sides or 4 corners).
... file names can be up to 235 characters long.
... Recycle bin: you can "empty" (delete) files selectively, rather than en masse.
... a file's extension (for example, ".txt") tells the OS what type of file it is, and therefore, what application is usually used to open it. When renaming files, you?ll normally want to leave this intact. (In the MacOS, this information is hidden. You can hide file extensions in Windows as well, by using the Explorer's View options.)
... Ctrl-Alt-Delete (the famous "three-fingered salute" to reboot the system)
Note: when the system is running, Ctrl-Alt-Delete can also be used to "force quit" an individual application, by choosing "End Task" from the resulting dialog box.
... to Shut Down: press the Windows key, select "Shut Down", and follow the dialog prompt
create a shortcut in desktop (using shift+f10 new shtcut) And give the link there
C:windowsrundll.exe user.exe,exitwindows
Windows Keyboard Secrets
************************************************** **********************
The Windows key
Found on the newer Windows 95-era keyboards, it bypasses the active application and communicates commands directly to the operating system.
Windows key
(by itself):
calls up Start menu & taskbar
[or Ctrl-Esc, if you?re using an older keyboard]
Win-M:
Minimizes all windows (& shows desktop)
Win-E:
runs Windows Explorer
Win-F:
Windows file "Find" dialog
Other, more obscure variations include ...
Win-C: Control Panels; Win-I: mouse properties; Win-P: Printers; Win-R: command-line Run; Win-V: show Clipboard
************************************************** **********************
The "Application" key (on newer Windows 95 keyboards)found beside the ctrl. Key on the right side.
calls up "context" menu; equivalent to right-clicking on an object
various functions ... incl. ability to Cut/Copy/Paste files from one place to another ... change file Properties (e.g., make Read-only) ... send a file to a chosen application ... and other commands, depending on the situation
************************************************** **********************
Navigating Application windows & menus
(Shift-)
Ctrl-Tab:
cycles through multiple document windows
Alt-letter:
opens application?s pull-down menu
e.g., Alt-F = File menu
then, press underlined letter in menu item to complete the command
e.g., Alt-F, S = File, Save
(this is in addition to the usual single-key shortcuts, such as Ctrl-S = Save)
Also note that the cursor keys can "traverse" menus, left/right/up/down; Return or Enter to progress further; Esc to retreat one step; or press underlined letter to activate that menu command.
Alt-spacebar:
accesses application menu
e.g., Alt-spacebar, N = miNimize the current application;
e.g., Alt-spacebar, X = maXimize the current application
Alt-hyphen:
accesses document menu (within parent application)
Alt-F4:
quits & closes the current application or thread
also, double-clicking on application's Title bar = toggles window size
************************************************** **********************
Task Switching
One of the great underutilized but nicely implemented Windows secrets. Using just a few keys, you can quickly switch back & forth between any tasks that are running ? without having to minimize windows, poke around in menus, etc.
(Shift-)Alt-Tab:
Hold down the Alt key, then tap the Tab key repeatedly ...
then, when the icon for the desired task is highlighted, release the Alt key.
(Note that you can use this to easily toggle back & forth repeatedly between two specific tasks).
Using the Shift key at the same time cycles in the opposite order.
Alt-Esc:
Aborts an Alt-Tab in progress ...
while still holding the Alt key, release the Tab key, then press Esc instead.
Note: You can still switch tasks even during "modal" dialog boxes.
************************************************** **********************
Taskbar
The area (generally at the bottom of the screen) that shows what programs are currently running.
Change its Properties by right-clicking in a blank area of the Taskbar.
Resize it (i.e., to more than one row) by clicking & dragging on its inside edge (i.e., the top edge, if it's at the bottom of the screen).
Move it by clicking a blank area in the body of the taskbar, and dragging it (to a different edge of the screen).
Send a file to an application that's already running ... by dragging the file icon (from the desktop or an open folder/Explorer window) to the application's button on the Taskbar ... wait a moment for the application to open ... then, still holding on, drag the mouse pointer to the opened application window, and let go.
[Note: You can also customize the Start Menu itself by right-clicking on the Start button, and choosing Open or Explore; or directly, via the C: Windows Start Menu directory.]
************************************************** **********************
Windows Explorer
A method of looking at file listings across the system, it uses a split window approach to displaying directories and files.
Windows key + E:
runs Windows Explorer (from anywhere)
[numeric keypad]
+, *, - :
expand, expand all, collapse listing
(for a drive or file directory in the left-hand pane)
(Shift-)Tab: selects other pane
Return/Enter:
(in right-hand pane)
opens highlighted directory
Backspace:
moves up to parent directory
F5:
forces file listings to refresh and resort
(i.e., if they didn?t update immediately after changes)
View > Options:
various choices on how to display files, extensions, etc.; and lets you specify the default application launched for various file types
Alt-Return/Enter:
calls up selected file?s Properties dialog
(equivalent to Mac?s "Get Info" box)
e.g., Alt-Enter, then R: toggles Read-only status
(also works for multiple selected files at once)
Ctrl-X,
Ctrl-C,
Ctrl-V: cuts / copies / pastes file(s) from one place to another
Edit > Undo
or Ctrl-Z:
to Undo the last file operation (copy / move / rename / delete):
... or right-click on the Windows desktop, and choose from the pop-up menu:
Note: You can run multiple instances of Explorer at the same time.
************************************************** **********************
Copying / Moving / Opening files
... to copy or move file(s), or create a shortcut: right-click and, still holding down the mouse button, drag & drop file(s) to their destination ? to get a pop-up menu of copy / move / shortcut choices.
... if you want to open a file using a different application than its usual one, you can right-click on it and "Send To" the application of your choice. (You can customize this pop-up list by placing shortcuts [i.e., aliases] into the C: Windows SendTo directory.)
... files can be also be opened by dragging and dropping their icon(s) directly into most application windows.
************************************************** **********************
misc. Function Keys
F1:
Help (often context-sensitive)
F2:
Rename selected file or folder
(can also use to copy text from, or paste it into, a file/folder name or portion thereof) ... ESC to cancel
Print Screen key:
Alt-Print Screen key:
copies screen shot of entire screen to Clipboard
copies screen shot of active window to Clipboard
************************************************** **********************
Navigating / Manipulating Text
Ctrl-Insert, Shift-Delete, Shift-Insert:
alternatives for Copy, Cut, Paste
Home/End;
Ctrl-Home/End:
jumps to beginning/end of line;
jumps to beginning/end of document
Ctrl-left/right arrow:
skips to the beginning of previous/next word
Ctrl-up/down arrow:
skips to the beginning of previous/next paragraph
Shift-
in combination with one of the above (and/or with one of the four arrow keys), highlights the intervening section of text
Dialog boxes
(Shift-)Tab:
moves cursor to previous/next field
(Shift-)
Ctrl-Tab:
cycles through tabbed dialog pages
(also, sometimes Ctrl-PgUp/PgDn):
Spacebar:
presses selected button,
or toggles checkbox
Alt-down arrow: opens selected drop-down list box;
use cursor keys (up/down/PgUp/PgDn) to select (or, for text values, type in first letter); then Enter/Return to accept
arrow keys: selects radio button
up/down arrow key: increments/decrements "spin" box
(or you can type in numeric value)
Right-click
(on buttons, checkboxes, etc.): context help
Note: You can perform many standard file operations (copying, moving, renaming, etc.) from within any file dialog box (e.g., Open, Save As) ? by right-clicking; using Ctrl-X/C/V; pressing the F2 key; dragging icons; etc.
************************************************** **********************
Other miscellaneous tips ...
... if in doubt, try right-clicking on it; or pressing F1 for Help.
... windows can be resized from any direction (any of 4 sides or 4 corners).
... file names can be up to 235 characters long.
... Recycle bin: you can "empty" (delete) files selectively, rather than en masse.
... a file's extension (for example, ".txt") tells the OS what type of file it is, and therefore, what application is usually used to open it. When renaming files, you?ll normally want to leave this intact. (In the MacOS, this information is hidden. You can hide file extensions in Windows as well, by using the Explorer's View options.)
... Ctrl-Alt-Delete (the famous "three-fingered salute" to reboot the system)
Note: when the system is running, Ctrl-Alt-Delete can also be used to "force quit" an individual application, by choosing "End Task" from the resulting dialog box.
... to Shut Down: press the Windows key, select "Shut Down", and follow the dialog prompt
