Cricket teams are often selected as an effort to try to pick the best eleven players then fit them into a working team, but that often isn't the best way to maximise your resources. It feels at present as though most international teams are failing to use the resources at their disposal to make the absolute best of things, and this really does impact their on-field performances.
For the sake of an example, I will be using the England team, but this is something that absolutely applies to all teams regardless of the size of their talent pool.
- - - - -
Test Cricket
Test cricket is the oldest and grandest format of the game, and it is the one around which conventional thinking is based. As a result, this is the format where my ideas will be least revolutionary.
A Test team should be a team of specialists:
One-Day Internationals
If Test matches are the simple puzzle, then One-Day Internationals are by far and away the most complex. A perfectly balanced ODI side has to fill fifteen roles, which means either that you will have to find four dual-role cricketers, or you'll have to forego one or more of said roles. That was what made the England World Cup side so good: in Stokes, Buttler, Moeen and Woakes they had those four dual-role cricketers, although Stokes' bowling role was the least pronounced.
For England, the playing XI and reserves usually look something like:
Twenty20
Twenty20 is a reserve to a much simpler team structure, built around specialists. After all, given that a number seven batsman generally faces about five balls an innings in a Twenty20 match, if you need to have a proper batsman all the way down there, chances are you've already lost the game.
First are the five key batting roles:
- - - - -
So that's a big player pool isn't it?
Yes, yes it is. And players' unavailability can lead to still more players being tried to fulfil roles. But a greater degree of role clarity will always lead to a better cricket team than one with (for example) the best six batsmen, but all of them wanting to bat at number five.
And in the case of teams with a smaller talent pool to pick from, creating clearly defined roles can help to make the best out of players who may have more limited natural ability than someone like a Ben Stokes - who could probably do most of these roles if he was asked to.
The England player pool, according to these three squads, would be as follows:
|
Test Role
|
ODI Role
|
T20I Role
Moeen Ali |- |Stock spinner |Reserve spinner
Jimmy Anderson |Seam/swing bowler |- |-
Jofra Archer |Express pace bowler (rotation) |Express pace bowler (rotation) |Reserve express pace bowler
Jonny Bairstow |Reserve wicket-keeper (?) |Top-order hitter & reserve wicket-keeper |Powerplay hitter
Dominic Bess |Spin bowler |- |-
Sam Billings |- |Reserve middle-order hitter |Reserve finishing hitter
Stuart Broad |Seam/swing bowler |- |-
Pat Brown |- |- |Reserve deceptive seamer
Rory Burns |Opening batsman |- |-
Jos Buttler |- |Middle-order hitter & wicket-keeper |Finishing hitter & wicket-keeper
Zak Crawley |Reserve opening batsman |- |-
Sam Curran |Reserve seam/swing bowler |- |-
Tom Curran |- |Deceptive seamer |Deceptive seamer
Liam Dawson |Reserve spin bowler |Reserve stock bowler |Reserve containing spinner
Joe Denly |Top-order batsman |- |-
Ben Foakes |Wicket-keeper |- |-
Sam Hain |Reserve top-order batsman |Reserve accumulator |-
Alex Hales |- |Reserve top-order hitter |Reserve powerplay hitter
Chris Jordan |- |- |Death bowler
Jack Leach |Spin bowler |- |-
Dawid Malan |- |- |Accumulator
Sam Northeast |Reserve middle-order batsman |- |-
Matt Parkinson |- |Reserve deceptive bowler |Reserve attacking spinner
Ollie Pope |Middle-order batsman |- |-
Adil Rashid |- |Deceptive spinner |Attacking spinner
Joe Root |Top-order batsman |Anchor accumulator |Reserve accumulator
Dominic Sibley |Opening batsman |- |-
Ben Stokes |Middle-order batsman |Dynamic accumulator & stock seamer |Utility player
Ollie Stone |Express pace bowler (rotation) |- |-
Chris Woakes |Reserve seam/swing bowler |Death bowler & firefighter |Reserve death bowler
David Willey |- |- |Reserve utility player
Mark Wood |Express pace bowler (rotation) |Express pace bowler (rotation) |Express pace bowlerThat's a huge player pool (32 guys in and around the England side), but that is the case for a reason - there are very few players who are first-choice selections in all three formats, and that is a deliberate piece of workload management. Similarly, reserves being in and around the team will be excellent for their development as cricketers.
If anyone's made it to the end of this post, I'd be very interested in their thoughts!
For the sake of an example, I will be using the England team, but this is something that absolutely applies to all teams regardless of the size of their talent pool.
- - - - -
Test Cricket
Test cricket is the oldest and grandest format of the game, and it is the one around which conventional thinking is based. As a result, this is the format where my ideas will be least revolutionary.
A Test team should be a team of specialists:
- Two opening batsmen (1/2) - Their primary job is to set a secure platform for the rest of the batsmen to build upon. The very best opening batsmen do post huge scores, but the key idea here is one of survival first, and runs second - at least until the ball gets old.
- Two top-order batsmen (3/4) - These two batsmen generally ought to be the ones in your team who will bat long and make big hundreds. Usually, the better of these two batsmen ought to bat at four rather than three, to minimise the risk against the moving ball, but this can be a matter of personal preference for the player in question.
- Two middle-order batsmen (5/6) - These two batsmen will generally score quicker than any other proper player in the team. Again, the very best of them will make big runs, but if the batsmen above them have done their jobs then they will be cashing in on already-tired bowling.
- One wicket-keeper (usually 7) - The wicket-keeper's primary job is to keep wicket. This is something that the modern game has somewhat lost sight of, but to see the importance of such a player one need only look at how important Wriddhiman Saha has been for India. Any runs are a bonus.
- One or two seam/swing bowlers - Whether you pick one or two such players will depend upon conditions; in "SENA" Tests, you'll likely need two such bowlers, whereas in the subcontinent you will generally need only one. These bowlers may not trouble the speed gun, but pace is not their prime attribute.
- One or two spin bowlers - Again, whether you pick one or two such players will depend upon conditions, and will mirror the number of seam/swing options in your team. Spinners should be wicket-taking options and not merely containing bowlers.
- One express pace bowler (rotated) - Sometimes there is no substitute for outright pace, but that can come at a cost to the bowler's body. If at all possible, you want two or three such players available to rotate in this role. They will NOT be used to bowl long spells because that's how you break them.
- Openers: Rory Burns, Dominic Sibley, Zak Crawley (reserve)
- Top-order: Joe Root, Joe Denly, Sam Hain (reserve)
- Middle-order: Ben Stokes, Ollie Pope, Sam Northeast (reserve)
- Wicket-keeper: Ben Foakes, Jonny Bairstow? (reserve)
- Seam/swing bowlers: Jimmy Anderson, Stuart Broad, Sam Curran (reserve), Chris Woakes (reserve)
- Spin bowlers: Jack Leach, Dominic Bess, Liam Dawson (reserve)
- Express pace bowlers: Jofra Archer, Mark Wood, Ollie Stoke (all rotate)
One-Day Internationals
If Test matches are the simple puzzle, then One-Day Internationals are by far and away the most complex. A perfectly balanced ODI side has to fill fifteen roles, which means either that you will have to find four dual-role cricketers, or you'll have to forego one or more of said roles. That was what made the England World Cup side so good: in Stokes, Buttler, Moeen and Woakes they had those four dual-role cricketers, although Stokes' bowling role was the least pronounced.
- Two top-order hitters - These are the sort of players who can score fast but also score big. The prototype of such a player is Rohit Sharma.
- One anchor accumulator - This is the sort of player who can score a run-a-ball hundred without anyone really noticing. Someone like Joe Root.
- One dynamic accumulator - This is a slightly more dynamic version of the last player - someone who runs fast but can also find the boundary if needs be. This is a very complex role, and is sometimes served for England by Ben Stokes. They often forego this to utilise him as an extra hitter though, which can backfire on challenging surfaces.
- Three middle-order hitters - These guys can find and clear the boundaries from the word go, even with five men out on the boundary. If they lose their wickets trying to do that, then so be it. Jos Buttler is one of the best in the world at this role.
- One firefighter - A player who can be promoted to stop a collapse, or held back to see that the last 30 or 40 runs are scored in a chase. They might not make big scores but do make big contributions. Even as his powers waned, MS Dhoni remained very good at this role.
- One wicket-keeper - In ODI cricket more than the other formats, the keeper should be able to fulfil one of the batting roles as well.
- Two stock bowlers - Usually, this will be one seamer and one spinner, but it varies depending on who is available in your team. The best in the world are/were Liam Plunkett and Mohammad Nabi.
- Two deceptive bowlers - Again, in an ideal world this would be one seamer and one spinner, but it varies depending on who is available. The best in the world are usually wrist spinners - Rashid Khan immediately springs to mind - but a good deceptive seamer is very valuable.
- One death bowler - Usually but not always a seamer who can hit their yorkers. Nobody is better at this than Jasprit Bumrah.
- One express pace bowler - Again, even in ODI cricket there's sometimes no substitute for outright pace, as Mark Wood showed throughout the World Cup.
For England, the playing XI and reserves usually look something like:
- Jason Roy (top-order hitter)
- Jonny Bairstow (top-order hitter / reserve wicket-keeper)
- Joe Root (anchor accumulator)
- Eoin Morgan (middle-order hitter)
- Ben Stokes (dynamic accumulator / stock seamer)
- Jos Buttler (middle-order hitter / wicket-keeper)
- Moeen Ali (middle-order hitter / stock spinner)
- Chris Woakes (firefighter / death bowler)
- Tom Curran (deceptive seamer)
- Adil Rashid (deceptive spinner)
- Jofra Archer (express pace bowler - rotate)
- Alex Hales (reserve top-order hitter)
- Sam Hain (reserve accumulator)
- Sam Billings (reserve middle-order hitter)
- Liam Dawson (reserve stock bowler)
- Matt Parkinson (reserve deceptive bowler)
- Mark Wood (express pace bowler - rotate)
Twenty20
Twenty20 is a reserve to a much simpler team structure, built around specialists. After all, given that a number seven batsman generally faces about five balls an innings in a Twenty20 match, if you need to have a proper batsman all the way down there, chances are you've already lost the game.
First are the five key batting roles:
- Two powerplay hitters - These guys need to get the innings off to the fastest possible start. They may not be the best six-hitters in the team, but they will be able to score fast and hit over the infield, as well as pick gaps.
- One accumulator - Even in Twenty20, it is better that your team has at least one guy whose job it is to bat like a batsman. This isn't a huge revelation, and just because more of their runs are scored between the wickets than most of their teammates doesn't mean their contributions are any less valuable.
- Two finishing hitters - These guys will again have the ability to tee off from ball one, and to bat to a target. Eoin Morgan has for a long time been the archetypal finishing hitter, he's excellent.
- One attacking spinner - Spin in T20 cricket is a huge wicket-taker. Again, not a huge revelation that - just look at Rashid Khan.
- One containing spinner - It's also harder to score against, which is how guys like Ashton Agar can be really important even if they don't take many wickets.
- One deceptive seamer - Changes of pace are huge in Twenty20 cricket more than any other format - you want one in your team.
- One death bowler - This would usually be a fast or fastish yorker bowler, but doesn't have to be; for the Afghan national team, Rashid Khan actually takes on this role as a spinner.
- One express pace bowler - Sometimes you just can't beat raw pace! Use him wisely though, as it can also be true that the ball coming faster onto the bat also travels faster off it.
- Either a wicket keeper - if none of your five main batsmen keeps wicket, then you will want your keeper here as a supplementary batsman.
- Or a utility player - if you already have a keeper, then you'll want someone who can provide both an extra batting and bowling option, even though their best performance might result in them doing neither.
- Jason Roy (powerplay hitter)
- Jonny Bairstow (powerplay hitter)
- Dawid Malan (accumulator)
- Eoin Morgan (finishing hitter)
- Jos Buttler (finishing hitter & wicket-keeper)
- Ben Stokes (utility player)
- Moeen Ali (containing spinner)
- Tom Curran (deceptive seamer)
- Chris Jordan (death bowler)
- Adil Rashid (attacking spinner)
- Mark Wood (express pace bowler)
- Alex Hales (reserve powerplay hitter)
- Joe Root (reserve accumulator)
- Sam Billings (reserve finishing hitter)
- David Willey (reserve utility player)
- Liam Dawson (reserve containing spinner)
- Matt Parkinson (reserve attacking spinner)
- Chris Woakes (reserve death bowler)
- Pat Brown (reserve deceptive seamer)
- Jofra Archer (reserve express pace bowler)
- - - - -
So that's a big player pool isn't it?
Yes, yes it is. And players' unavailability can lead to still more players being tried to fulfil roles. But a greater degree of role clarity will always lead to a better cricket team than one with (for example) the best six batsmen, but all of them wanting to bat at number five.
And in the case of teams with a smaller talent pool to pick from, creating clearly defined roles can help to make the best out of players who may have more limited natural ability than someone like a Ben Stokes - who could probably do most of these roles if he was asked to.
The England player pool, according to these three squads, would be as follows:
Moeen Ali |- |Stock spinner |Reserve spinner
Jimmy Anderson |Seam/swing bowler |- |-
Jofra Archer |Express pace bowler (rotation) |Express pace bowler (rotation) |Reserve express pace bowler
Jonny Bairstow |Reserve wicket-keeper (?) |Top-order hitter & reserve wicket-keeper |Powerplay hitter
Dominic Bess |Spin bowler |- |-
Sam Billings |- |Reserve middle-order hitter |Reserve finishing hitter
Stuart Broad |Seam/swing bowler |- |-
Pat Brown |- |- |Reserve deceptive seamer
Rory Burns |Opening batsman |- |-
Jos Buttler |- |Middle-order hitter & wicket-keeper |Finishing hitter & wicket-keeper
Zak Crawley |Reserve opening batsman |- |-
Sam Curran |Reserve seam/swing bowler |- |-
Tom Curran |- |Deceptive seamer |Deceptive seamer
Liam Dawson |Reserve spin bowler |Reserve stock bowler |Reserve containing spinner
Joe Denly |Top-order batsman |- |-
Ben Foakes |Wicket-keeper |- |-
Sam Hain |Reserve top-order batsman |Reserve accumulator |-
Alex Hales |- |Reserve top-order hitter |Reserve powerplay hitter
Chris Jordan |- |- |Death bowler
Jack Leach |Spin bowler |- |-
Dawid Malan |- |- |Accumulator
Sam Northeast |Reserve middle-order batsman |- |-
Matt Parkinson |- |Reserve deceptive bowler |Reserve attacking spinner
Ollie Pope |Middle-order batsman |- |-
Adil Rashid |- |Deceptive spinner |Attacking spinner
Joe Root |Top-order batsman |Anchor accumulator |Reserve accumulator
Dominic Sibley |Opening batsman |- |-
Ben Stokes |Middle-order batsman |Dynamic accumulator & stock seamer |Utility player
Ollie Stone |Express pace bowler (rotation) |- |-
Chris Woakes |Reserve seam/swing bowler |Death bowler & firefighter |Reserve death bowler
David Willey |- |- |Reserve utility player
Mark Wood |Express pace bowler (rotation) |Express pace bowler (rotation) |Express pace bowler
If anyone's made it to the end of this post, I'd be very interested in their thoughts!